Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized
patients. Ischemia is an important cause of ARF and ARF due to ischemic injury is
traditionally referred to as ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN). There is growing
evidence that ischemic ATN is associated with intra-renal inflammation using ischemic
ATN models. Consequently, intra-renal inflammation is an attractive target for the
development of novel drug therapies for ARF. In this review, we will outline ischemic
ATN models, the pathophysiogical roles of inflammatory cells such as T and B cells in
ischemic ATN models, and effective T and B cell therapeutic reagents.